Q&A: Update on EPIC2 in New Jersey

In early 2024, we spoke with Jess Mendenhall and Samer Rabie from the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) about the Enhancing Performance with Internally Cured Concrete (EPIC2) initiative, part of the Every Day Counts (EDC-7) program. They explained the benefits of internal curing, its methods, and its potential for New Jersey. At that time, NJDOT had identified eight bridges as candidates for a pilot project using internally cured High Performance Concrete (HPC) bridge decks, but had not yet secured approval or funding.

That changed in October 2024 when NJDOT initiated its first pilot project—an internally cured HPC bridge deck on the North Munn Avenue bridge over Route 280 in East Orange. This milestone marks a significant step in advancing the department’s efforts.

Additionally, NJDOT secured a $125,000 STIC Incentive Program grant to support further implementation. The funding will cover the purchase of testing equipment and construction materials, staff training on the new equipment, and third-party lab assistance for concrete sampling and testing during construction. To build on this momentum, NJDOT plans to continue collaborating with concrete suppliers, acquire additional testing equipment, and update High-Performance Internal Curing (HPIC) specifications.

With these developments underway, we’re reconnecting with NJDOT for an update on the department’s ongoing EPIC2 projects and its future plans.


Q. Can you provide a brief description of the EPIC2 Initiative, and how internally curing concrete can benefit construction projects?

The difference between conventional and internal curing

A. The EPIC2 initiative, part of the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) EDC-7 innovations, focuses on Internally Cured Concrete (ICC), a proven yet underutilized technique that significantly enhances concrete durability by addressing shrinkage cracking, especially in mixes with a low water-to-cement ratio. Internal curing involves providing water from within the concrete itself, utilizing pre-wetted lightweight fine aggregates (LWFA) to supply moisture during the curing process. This approach is particularly beneficial for low permeability concrete mixes, where traditional external curing methods are less effective.

ICC offers numerous advantages for construction projects. It reduces the likelihood of shrinkage cracking, both autogenous and plastic, thereby decreasing the need for rehabilitation. Furthermore, it enhances the hydration of cement and the reaction of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), resulting in reduced porosity and improved durability. This method also allows for the incorporation of natural and recycled SCMs without compromising performance.

Our Bureau of Research, Innovation, and Information Transfer (BRIIT) is actively investigating internal curing in collaboration with Rutgers University, ensuring that we remain at the forefront of this innovation.

Q. At the December 2024 NJ STIC meeting, the Infrastructure Preservation CIA team mentioned that NJDOT has secured a $125,000 STIC Incentive Program grant for the EPIC2 initiative. How will the grant help NJDOT advance its goals for internally cured concrete?

A. The grant will enable the acquisition of centrifuge apparatuses and auxiliary equipment for the Bureau of Materials and the three construction regions. This equipment will allow NJDOT inspectors to conduct more accurate tests for determining moisture content in pre-wetted lightweight aggregations than our currently used paper towel method, which is crucial for producing high-quality ICC. The grant will also facilitate the training of NJDOT personnel to effectively use the centrifuge apparatus. During the transition period, NJDOT will conduct testing using both the centrifuge and paper towel method, ensuring a smooth adoption as inspectors become proficient with the new equipment.

Additionally, the grant will support the development of specifications, create training opportunities, and enable the preparation of lessons-learned reports during the assessment phase. These efforts will contribute to refining our processes and enhancing the overall quality of our specifications and implementation plan.

Q. Can you go into more detail describing the centrifuge apparatus and how it will provide more accurate measures for determining moisture content?

Centrifuge Apparatus

A. The current test we use, implemented and standardized by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), is called the paper towel method ASTM C1761. In this method we take a representative sample of the pre-wetted aggregate, take the initial weight, and lay it out in a pan to extract the surface moisture using industrial-grade paper towels until the paper towels come out dry. Then we take the weight again to determine the surface moisture. Lastly, we oven dry the sample and weigh it again to find the absorbed moisture.

The centrifuge can determine the moisture of an aggregate in a single device by spinning the sample until all the moisture is extracted. Research studies comparing the paper towel method and the centrifuge have found that the centrifuge produces more accurate results with a lower margin of error at a significantly faster rate.

Q. Can you describe the pilot project for an internally cured High Performance Concrete (HPC) bridge deck at North Munn Avenue over Route 280 in East Orange? What steps will be involved in completing the project?

A. Our first pilot project, the superstructure replacement in East Orange, is underway with construction starting in March 2025 and we have several more projects in the pipeline. To ensure a cohesive approach, we started the pilot by organizing a coordination meeting involving the Bridge, Construction, Materials, and Project Management divisions. This meeting served to introduce the concept of internal curing and outline our implementation strategy. Concurrently, we engaged with concrete plants near the project sites and LWFA material suppliers to ensure their readiness. We then circulated draft specifications for internal review, and obtained feedback from NYSDOT, the individual project designers, and the FHWA Resource Center’s EPIC2 team.

A key component of introducing ICC into a pilot project involves incorporating project-specific special provisions. Our pilots use a performance specification similar to our current HPC specification, where the contractor submits a mix design and performs the necessary off-site laboratory testing, such as for compressive strength and durability properties. The contractor is permitted to develop a new ICC mix or convert an existing mix using ASTM C1761 procedures. If the mix meets the specification limitations and verification testing requirements, it will be accepted by NJDOT. The verification and acceptance testing align closely with current HPC specifications, with some exceptions to accommodate the unique aspects of internal curing.

Q. Will the pilot project require specialized training for NJDOT staff or contractors?

A. The production process for High Performance Internally Cured Concrete (HPIC) closely resembles that of conventional High Performance Concrete (HPC), with the key difference being the inclusion of LWFA. This aggregate requires pre-soaking and precise moisture adjustments to achieve optimal performance. Despite these modifications, HPIC mixtures maintain similar concrete properties and offer constructability comparable to HPC.

Workers installing an HPIC overlay

For our pilot projects, conducting a trial batch and test slab is crucial. This phase allows the concrete supplier and contractor to become familiar with the handling of LWFA, as well as the batching and placement of the HPIC mix. The trial batch and test slab are meticulously designed to replicate the conditions and processes of actual slab production.

Most of the work involved in producing HPIC happens at the batch plant, where the adjustments for LWFA take place. As a result, contractors and inspectors casting the deck are unlikely to notice substantial differences from standard HPC procedures.

Q. What key factors are considered when identifying candidate bridges for future projects?

A. We carefully evaluate active Capital Program Management projects to identify suitable candidates. Our selection criteria focus on projects with a limited scope in the Concept Development or Final Design phase, specifically targeting deck and superstructure replacements. We prioritize projects where Final Design Submissions have not yet been prepared and where timelines allow for integrating special provisions. Projects with cast-in-place or conventional decks are considered, while pre-cast decks are excluded to reduce design and constructability risks. We aim to select non-complex or major structures, targeting the implementation of HPIC on 10–15 bridge decks before institutionalization.

Q. In what ways do you think the pilot projects and new STIC funding could affect NJDOT policy going forward?

A. Our goal is to address the cracking we routinely observe in new HPC bridge decks by refining the HPC mix design in our standard specification to include internally cured provisions. If the pilot project is successful, we will collaborate with the Bureau of Materials to determine the next steps for advancing HPIC specifications for NJDOT projects. Ultimately, we aim to enhance the durability of bridge decks and other concrete components in New Jersey by incorporating new HPIC specifications.

As of 2024, only 104 ICC bridge decks are in service in the United States

Q. What do you think are the principal barriers, if any, to the adoption of internally cured concrete on bridge projects as the new standard?

A. Lack of Awareness and Education: Many engineers and decision-makers may not fully understand the benefits and techniques of ICC. This knowledge gap, coupled with concerns about potential impacts on construction schedules and quality, can lead to hesitation in adopting new methods.

Initial Cost Concerns: While ICC can lower long-term costs by improving durability and reducing maintenance, the higher upfront expenses, such as LWFA and the need for additional storage bins at batch plants—may discourage early adoption.

Technical Challenges: Precise moisture control and mix design adjustments can be technically challenging and require specialized training, which could pose a barrier for some organizations transitioning to ICC.

Supply Chain Limitations: The availability of materials like LWFA and the need for pre-soaking facilities may be limited, especially in certain regions.

Economies of Scale and Standardization: As seen with NJDOT’s HPC implementation in the early 2000s, achieving consistent production of specialty concretes is critical for efficiency. If pilot projects succeed, NJDOT plans to standardize ICC mixes for all bridge decks, which will require larger production quantities. This increased demand could drive greater industry investment in materials and production infrastructure, further supporting widespread adoption.

Q. What are the current approaches you are using to address the lack of awareness of the benefits and techniques of ICC?

NJDOT attended a peer exchange event in Albany, NY, on the EPIC2 Initiative.

A. We have engaged in extensive internal discussions with construction material staff, project management, and decision-makers to familiarize them with ICC and FHWA recommendations. We have also coordinated with concrete suppliers through the Utility and Transportation Contactors Association to gauge project feasibility. Additionally, in collaboration with Rutgers, we distributed questionnaires to multiple concrete plants, our consultants, and designers to gather insights and address concerns. Our primary approach has been open communication with all key stakeholders to ensure a well-informed transition to ICC.

Q. What are the current economic benefits of ICC given the barriers you described previously, and how do you expect this to change in the future?

A. Currently, with data from only one project, ICC carries higher initial costs due to factors like contractor-perceived risk and limited material availability. However, we are seeing substantial fine hairline cracking in conventional HPC decks, raising concerns about long-term durability. Addressing these cracks with sealers adds significant costs, and without frequent upkeep, leads to deterioration overtime. While HPC may have lower upfront costs, ICC has the potential to last much longer and require less maintenance, ultimately reducing lifecycle expenses.

Our implementation plan includes using ICC on at least 10 to 15 bridge decks, signaling to batch plants that we are serious about ICC. Once suppliers recognize this increased demand, they can expand production, improving efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This mirrors what happened when HPC was introduced around 25 years ago—initial costs were higher, but as adoption grew, economies of scale helped bring costs down. We anticipate a similar trend with ICC as it becomes more widely implemented.

Q. Are there any other recent developments or lessons related to EPIC2 that you would like to highlight?

Twin bridges that will be studied to compare performance between HPC and HPIC

A. As we are still in the early stages of implementing the EPIC2 initiative, we eagerly anticipate the upcoming deck castings, which will undoubtedly provide valuable lessons and insights. One particularly noteworthy upcoming project involves a pair of twin bridges, where we will use traditional HPC for one bridge deck as a control and HPIC for the other. After the deck placement, both bridges will undergo thorough surveys to assess early-age shrinkage, allowing us to directly compare performance and further refine our approach.

Resources

Extend Service Life of Concrete Bridge Decks with Internal Curing. 2023. https://rip.trb.org/View/2292366

Federal Highway Administration. 2023 Internally Curing Concrete Produces EPIC2 Results. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/innovator/issue98/page_01.html

Federal Highway Administration. 2023. Enhancing Performance with Internally Cured Concrete. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/everydaycounts/edc_7/docs/EDC-7FactsheetEPIC2.pdf

Federal Highway Administration. (2018, June). Concrete Clips: Internal Curing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6WREFmacaM

New York State DOT Standard Specifications (2021). Standard Specifications. New York State DOT. https://www.dot.ny.gov/main/business-center/engineering/specifications/busi-e-standards-usc/usc-repository/2021_9_specs_usc_vol2.pdf

National Concrete Pavement Technology Center Internal Curing Resources. (2022). Internal Curing. Iowa State University. https://cptechcenter.org/internal-curing/

Internal Curing. (2020). Oregon State University. https://engineering.oregonstate.edu/CCE/research/asphalt-materials-performance-lab/materials-research-concrete-materials/Internal-Curing

Pacheco, Jose. (2021, October). USDOT Workshop Report, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Wisconsin Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/62607

Q&A: What’s EPIC2 about Internally Cured Concrete? (2024) https://www.njdottechtransfer.net/2024/02/07/internally-cured-concrete-qa-2/

Wang, Xuhao. (2019). Extended Life Concrete Bridge Decks Utilizing Internal Curing to Reduce Cracking. Ohio Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/62339

Weiss, Joseph. (2015, July). Internal Curing Technical Brief. Federal Highway Administration. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/concrete/pubs/hif16006.pdf

STIC Incentive Program Funds Are Available


Watch the video to learn more about NJ STIC Incentive Grants.

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) offers STIC Incentive Funding, as well as technical assistance, to support the standardization and advancement of innovative practices. The NJ STIC receives $125,000 each year and state and local public agencies in transportation are eligible to apply.

To be eligible, a project or activity must have a statewide impact in fostering a culture for innovation or in standardizing an innovative practice, and must align with FHWA’s Technology Innovation Deployment Program goals.  The NJ STIC will prioritize funding projects and activities that advance innovations such as the Every Day Counts (EDC) innovations that are being promoted by FHWA.  

NJ STIC solicits ideas for funding of proposed innovation projects each federal fiscal year. Selected projects are then submitted to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for approval. The request submittal does not guarantee funding nor award of funding.

The NJDOT Bureau of Research, Innovation and Information Transfer (BRIIT) is ready to answer your questions and assist applicants. For more information on eligibility, proposal requirements, past funded projects, and more, please visit: the New Jersey STIC Incentive Fund Requests webpage.


NJDOT Collaboration on UHPC Overlay TechNote Report from FHWA

Click on the image to read the report.

At the NJ STIC 2024 3rd Triannual Meeting on December 2024, the Infrastructure Preservation CIA Team announced the publication of an FHWA TechNotes reports, which drew lessons from NJDOT, among other transportation agencies and stakeholders. The report, Experiences from Early Implementation of UHPC Overlays, summarized the experiences of five different entities with their recent installations of UHPC overlays.

FHWA interviewed Samer Rabie and Jess Mendenhall from NJDOT, as well as individuals from the Delaware River & Bay Authority, Federal Lands Highway, the Iowa Department of Transportation, and Buchanan County in Iowa, to discuss the lessons learned and future recommendations from their previous experiences.

According to the report, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), part of the sixth round of the Every Day Counts (EDC-6) initiative, offers many qualities beneficial to overlay applications, including very low permeability, good freeze-thaw resistance, good abrasion resistance, high strength and stiffness, and good bond strength. Despite higher initial costs during the construction process, UHPC factors such as superior durability and improved life-cycle cost can also reduce costs over time compared to traditional methods.

UHPC Overlay surface after grinding and grooving.

The implementation of UHPC overlays differs from traditional overlays, requiring additional planning, expertise, and methods, especially for larger projects. The feedback provided by the transportation agencies on UHPC overlays in the FHWA report includes information on project selection, project planning, surface preparation, UHPC mixture design, UHPC mixing, UHPC placement, constructions joints, UHPC finishing, and UHPC removal and repair.

Read the report here.

In addition to the FHWA TechNotes report, NJDOT has previously highlighted UHPC research projects from New Jersey’s Institutes of Higher Education partners, and the agency’s own experiences with implementing UHPC. Some examples include presentations at the annual NJDOT Research Showcase, Q&A interviews with NJDOT’s SMEs focused on the innovation’s implementation, and previous projects with FHWA. Most recently, NJDOT has been a participating funding agency for the Structural Behavior of Ultra High Performance Concrete project, led by FHWA, as part of the Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF) program. To learn more about UHPC research and implementation in New Jersey, read through the resources section below.

Resources:

FHWA. Experiences from Early Implementation of UHPC Overlays. (2025). [Report]

NJDOT’s Involvement with Transportation Pooled Fund Program. (2025). [Article]

Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) Applications in New Jersey – An Update. (2024). [Article].

Advanced Reinforced Concrete Materials for Transportation Infrastructure. (2023). [Webinar].

Bandelt, M., Adams, M., Wang, H., Najm, H., and Bechtel A., Shirkorshidi, S., Jin, F. (2023). Advanced Reinforced Concrete Materials for Transportation Infrastructure. (2023). [Final Report].

Bandelt, M., Adams, M., Wang, H., Najm, H., and Bechtel A., Shirkorshidi, S., Jin, F. Advanced Reinforced Concrete Materials for Transportation Infrastructure. (2023). [Technical Brief].

Presentation: Design, Construction, and Evaluation of UHPC Bridge Deck Overlays for NJDOT. (2022).  [STIC Presentation]

Stronger, More Resilient Bridges: Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) Applications in New Jersey. (2021). [Article]

Ultra-High Performance Concrete for Bridge Preservation and Repair: NJDOT Example Featured. (2021).  [Article]

NJDOT Research Showcase Posters and Presentations

Ghahsareh, F. Life-Cycle Assessment of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Beams Using Advanced Monitoring Technologies. (2024).  [Presentation]. {Video}

Gucunski, N. Evaluation of Performance of Bridge Deck with UHPC and LMC Overlays through Accelerated Structural Testing. (2024). [Presentation]. {Video}

Shirkhorshidi, S., Bandelt, M., Adams, M., and Reif J. Corrosion Performance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete in Uncracked and Cracked Beams. (2022). [Presentation]. {Video}

Meng, W. Design and Performance of Cost-Effective Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) for Transportation Infrastructure. (2018). [Presentation]

NJ STIC 2024 3rd Triannual Meeting

The NJ State Transportation Innovation Council (NJ STIC) virtually convened for its 3rd Triannual Meeting of 2024 on December 18, 2024. The meeting provided an opportunity for attendees to learn from the Core Innovation Area (CIA) Teams about their progress towards Every Day Counts Round 7 (EDC-7) goals and to view a featured presentation on the Safe System Approach (SSA) from the NJDOT Bureau of Safety, Bicycle and Pedestrian Program’s Jeevanjot Singh.

Welcome Remarks

Eric Powers, Assistant Commissioner of NJDOT Statewide Planning, Safety & Capital Investment, greeted those in attendance and opened the third and final Triannual Meeting of 2024. Mr. Powers shared his excitement for the featured presentation on the SSA as a necessary step towards increased safety on New Jersey roadways. He noted that the presentation aligns well with the recently published Complete Streets Policy, released by NJDOT in October. He reminded those in attendance that safety will continue to be a critical component and focus for the department going forward.

FHWA Updates

Christopher Paige, Innovation Coordinator and Community Planner at the FHWA NJ Division Office, provided FHWA updates and thanked the CIA Teams for submitting their EDC-7 progress reports on time. Mr. Paige announced the “Call for Ideas” for Round 8 of the Every Day Counts Initiative (EDC-8) that will run through February 4, 2025. Those interested in submitting market-ready innovations to deploy in 2026 as a part of EDC-8 can learn more here. Additionally, Mr. Paige reminded the audience that STIC incentive applications are open for Year 2025 and encouraged prospective applicants to send in a description of the proposed work, a project schedule, and a budget by July 1, 2025. Those interested in learning more about the application process for STIC funding should check out the NJDOT Tech Transfer’s STIC Incentive Funding Grant webpage

Core Innovation Areas (CIA) Updates

The Core Innovation Area (CIA) Team leaders shared updates on their progress toward achieving the deployment goals for their respective innovation initiatives. CIA Team leaders from the NJDOT and FHWA discussed EDC-7 initiatives under the five CIA Teams: Safety, Planning and Environment, Infrastructure Preservation, Mobility and Operations, and Organizational Support and Improvement. Each team’s presentation detailed their ongoing projects and outlined implementation activities, accomplishments, and challenges experienced so far in meeting the deployment goals for the innovations. A brief overview of team updates is included below:

Planning and Environment

GHG Emissions Reductions Strategies. The Planning and Environment CIA Team established GHG targets for 2024 to support New Jersey’s carbon reduction goals. To achieve these emissions targets, the Team has collaborated with MPOs, NJ TRANSIT, and PATH, ensuring the alignment of strategies between various transportation stakeholders. The Team also plans to develop and implement a ranking system for carbon reduction projects based on GHG emissions impacts, enabling NJDOT to prioritize projects that best contribute to state objectives.

Safety

Status of Pedestrian Scale Lighting Research and Resource project

Pedestrian Scale Lighting Research and Resource. The Safety Team at NJDOT collaborated with the Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center at Rutgers University and Rowan University to develop best practices for pedestrian lighting solutions. The team is finalizing a pedestrian-scale lighting resource that includes information on types of lighting, luminaire placement, strategies to reduce fatalities and serious injuries, collaborations with utility companies, and environmental considerations. The team expects to complete the project soon.

Nighttime Visibility for Safety. The Safety Team also updated the STIC on progress made toward the installation of retroreflective tape on the backplates of intersection lights and signage. Subject matter experts are currently reviewing the finished draft, which outlines traffic signal poles and mast arm details for signalized intersection installations. At the same time, the Division of Traffic Engineering continues to install retroreflective tape on backplates where and when feasible. The Team also announced that FHWA will host a lighting training on January 28 and 29.

Infrastructure Preservation

Enhancing Performance with Internally Cured Concrete (EPIC2). The Infrastructure Preservation Team has secured a STIC Incentive Program grant to purchase specialized testing equipment, train NJDOT staff, and hire a third-party lab to conduct tests for the EDC-7 EPIC2 innovation project. The project’s next major initiative is the implementation of New Jersey’s first high-performance concrete (HPC) bridge deck at North Munn Avenue over Route 280 in East Orange, which received funding in October 2024. Construction on the bridge project is scheduled to begin in Fall 2026. The Team is also preparing final design submissions for additional candidate bridges and scoping other potential projects. In the coming quarter, they will continue collaborating with concrete suppliers, purchasing new testing equipment, and updating the High-Performance Internal Curing (HPIC) specifications to incorporate centrifuge apparatus elements. NJDOT plans to host an EPIC2 workshop in April 2025 to further advance the project.

Graphic demonstrating the difference between conventionally cured concrete and internally cured concrete

Additionally, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recently released a publication on the early implementation of UHPC overlays, which will contribute to ongoing efforts in concrete innovation. The Team is working to expand the use of internally cured HPC in New Jersey and potentially New York, aligning with best practices in the concrete industry. The FHWA publication mentioned during the presentation is available here: “Experiences from Early Implementations of UHPC overlaps”.

Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) for Sustainable Project Delivery.  The Infrastructure Preservation Team has also made progress on phase 1 of their EPDs project goals. Since August, the Team has coordinated with the New Jersey Asphalt Paving Association for guidance to create an EPD for Bottom Rich Base Course or BRBC mix asphalt.

The Team has also researched and collaborated with other state DOTs including PennDOT and DelDOT to learn how these agencies will implement EPDs. PennDOT will begin data collection in 2025 and institutionalize EPDs by 2028. While DelDOT seeks to reduce carbon in construction materials as a part of the statewide climate solutions initiative. The agency plans to achieve this through incentives and disincentives. Both agencies selected asphalt as the first material for EPDs and are working with their state’s asphalt paving association to ensure industry support. In the upcoming quarter, the CIA team will analyze data benchmarks and collaborate with industry partners to advance the adoption of EPDs.

Mobility and Operations

Weather Savvy. The Mobility and Operations CIA Team has made progress on multiple projects over the last quarter. In collaboration with researchers from NJIT, the team advanced the Weather Savvy pilot, which installs weather sensors, laptops, and cameras in vehicles to receive improved data during winter weather events. The project that started in December 2023 has expanded from 24 vehicles to 45 vehicles, and the team has decided to prioritize installations in plows because they stay on the road during weather events. The team indicated that sensors and hardware are now being installed in a junction box, which is a more secure location that will keep water, dirt and salt away from the technology.

Data gathered from cameras, remote traffic microwave sensors, and in-pavement micro radar sensors (a.k.a., Pucks) at the pilot parking location are visible on a NJIT web portal.

Truck Parking Pilot. The team was excited to share its progress toward installing portable Direct Messaging Systems (DMS) signs five miles away from the pilot Harding parking lot located on I-287 and I-78. These signs will inform drivers prior to arrival about parking availability. The team may expand the pilot project to Knowlton in 2025.

Drivewyze Alerts. Mobility and Operations updated the STIC on the Drivewyze alerts effort, a program purchased through ETC to notify commercial vehicle drivers of sudden slowdowns, congestion, and static warnings. To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of these alerts, the CIA Team deployed NJIT researchers to drive two different loops along frequently congested highways. While results showed that static alerts were 95% accurate, drivers did not receive any congestion-related alerts. Discussions with a Drivewyze representative revealed that congestion had not been selected as an alert type among the program settings. The representative assured the issue would be corrected, and NJDOT plans to conduct another test in the near future.

EDC-7 Next Generation TIM. Finally, Mobility & Operations announced that a newly written article, “NJDOT Deploys Advance Warning Messages for Truck Drivers” will be submitted to FHWA HQ as a potential EDC innovation spotlight.

Organizational Support and Improvement

Contractor Compliance Unit Collaboration. The Team announced that the FHWA funding approved in November 2024, would support hiring a consultant in-house to advance NJDOT’s EDC-7 Strategic Workforce Development efforts. The Team also highlighted its recent collaboration efforts with the Office of Federal Contract Compliance to identify best practices for larger-scale projects. These efforts aim to design effective informational sessions on workforce development, training, and collaborating with unions. On December 2, 2024, the Team participated in an industry meeting where attendees discussed concerns about declining union membership and involvement in apprenticeship programs, trends tied to an aging labor market. Participants brainstormed strategies to increase membership and strengthen engagement. The next meeting, scheduled for January 2025, will prioritize including more unions in the discussions to enhance collaboration and address these challenges.

Feature Presentation: Safe Systems Approach in New Jersey

Jeevanjot Singh, Safety Program Manager at the NJDOT Bureau of Safety, Bicycle, and Pedestrian Programs delivered a feature presentation highlighting the practicality and necessity of incorporating the safe systems approach into New Jersey roadways.

The Safe System Approach is built on five key elements and six guiding principles:

Five Elements

  1. Safe Road Users
  2. Safe Vehicles
  3. Safe Speeds
  4. Safe Roads
  5. Post-Crash Care

Six Guiding Principles

  1. Death and serious injury are unacceptable
  2. Humans will make mistakes, so systems should be designed to accommodate and reduce harm
  3. Humans are vulnerable, and roadways should be designed to minimize kinetic energy transfer in crashes
  4. Responsibility for safety is shared among all stakeholders
  5. Safety is proactive and it is imperative to use risk-based mitigation measures
  6. Redundancy is key, with systems designed to support each other and prevent fatalities if one safety effort fails

Ms. Singh urged all attendees to reflect on the importance of Safe Systems Approach (SSA) and the responsibility that we as planners and engineers share in this effort. This responsibility is urgent, as New Jersey recorded over 600 fatalities on its roadways in 2024, far exceeding the FHWA’s 2024 target of 494 fatalities. Achieving the goal of zero fatalities by 2025 will require intentional, sustained efforts to reduce fatalities. She noted that NJDOT is making significant strides in implementing the Safe System Approach, including the updated statewide Complete Streets Plan, efforts to improve of dangerous intersections through safer engineering, and educational awareness programs, among other initiatives. While the list of efforts is extensive, she highlighted two recently implemented programs which are outlined below.

Plan for the NJDOT Route 129 SSA project in Mercer County

One example is the Wrong Way Driving Detection System. NJDOT conducted a systemic analysis to identify ramps with a high risk of wrong-way driving incidents and subsequently installed a system of dynamic flashing warning lights activated by wrong way drivers. This system was paired with additional signage and pavement markings. During the presentation, Ms. Singh shared a video that demonstrated the successful prevention of a wrong-way incident using this approach. Another example of SSA implementation by NJDOT is the Route 129 project in Mercer County, which includes pedestrian and bike safety improvements, traffic calming measures such as chicanes and raised crosswalks, and autonomous crosswalk detection warning lights that activate when a pedestrian enters the road. Although still in the early stages of development, Singh sees potential in expanding the project to include other corridors.

She concluded her presentation by outlining resources from FHWA that can support STIC members in learning more about the Safe Systems Approach. She highlighted the Safe System Road Design Hierarchy, a tool that guides road design through a four-tier decision-making system, and the Safe System Project-Based Alignment Framework, which offers another decision-making system tool for designers. She also announced that a multi-agency collaboration will host an upcoming SSA workshop, providing professionals with an opportunity to learn more about SSA alignment in New Jersey.

Announcements and Reminders

NJ Transportation Ideas Portal. Dr. Venkiteela encouraged attendees to participate in the NJ Transportation Ideas Portal, which invites public submissions of future research ideas and implementation studies. The Innovation Advisory Team evaluates these proposals for feasibility and potential future actions. He highlighted that the portal continuously accepts new research and innovation ideas for consideration for future collaborative efforts and investments. The deadline to submit research ideas for the next round of funding is December 31, 2024.

EDC-8 “Call for Ideas.” Dr. Venkiteela reminded attendees that the deadline to submit ideas for EDC-8 is February 4, 2025. FHWA is seeking suggestions for market-ready innovations to deploy in 2026. Learn more here.

NJDOT Low-Carbon Material Transportation Grant Program. In November 2024, NJDOT secured a $27.85 million grant for the Low-Carbon Transportation Material (LCTM) Program. BRIIT will lead the program’s implementation from 2025 through 2031. Dr. Venkiteela congratulated all those who contributed to the successful application.

Next Meeting. Dr. Venkiteela reminded attendees that the 1st Triannual Meeting of 2025 will occur on April 30, 2025 at 10 a.m., featuring a presentation from the Infrastructure Presentation Team.

Acknowledgment: Dr. Venkiteela concluded the meeting by thanking Amanda Gendek for establishing a solid foundation for STIC meetings in her previous role as BRIIT Manager. Dr. Venkiteela also thanked current BRIIT Manager Pragna Shah for her continued guidance and support.

A recording of the NJ STIC 2024 3rd Triannual Meeting meeting is available here. The day’s presentations can be found here and, in the sections, below.

NJ STIC 2024 3rd Triannual Meeting
Welcome Remarks & FHWA Updates
CIA Team Update: Safety
CIA Team Update: Infrastructure Preservation
CIA Team Update: Organizational Support & Improvement
CIA Team Update: Planning & Environment
CIA Team Update: Mobility & Safety
Featured Presentation: Safe System Approach in New Jersey
Reminders and Announcements

Innovative Solutions for Enhanced Road Durability: NJDOT’s Use of High-Performance Thin Overlays Is Recognized

During Every Day Counts round (EDC-6), FHWA promoted Targeted Overlay Pavement Solutions (TOPS) to state departments of transportation (DOTs) and local agencies as a way to maximize their highway repair investments by improving on conventional overlay methods and including new overlay materials and techniques. Case studies and research presented as part of FHWA’s EDC outreach efforts to states and local agencies included New Jersey DOT’s use of highly modified asphalt (HiMA), among other proven but underutilized overlay options.  

In a recent Innovator Newsletter, FHWA highlighted NJDOT’s use of HiMA to effectively improve the quality and extend the lifespan of roadways.


Overview

NJDOT’s use of HiMA was the subject of a detailed technical case study, one of five such case studies focused on Targeted Overlay Pavement Solutions (TOPS) produced for the FHWA. The case study report, High Performance Thin Overlays (HPTPO), notes that NJDOT has increasingly been using HPTO mixes for preventive maintenance projects statewide.

The case study shares NJDOT’s experience leading a team of design engineers, materials engineers, researchers and asphalt suppliers to devise and evaluate HPTO, a gap-graded mixture using polymer-modified asphalt binder. The case study offers incisive details and lessons learned on specifications, implementation, design, planning, construction, and performance considerations.

The case study explains that NJDOT defines HPTO as a fine-graded polymer-modified asphalt mixture that uses 100 percent high-quality crushed stone with a nominal maximum aggregate size of 3/8 inch. HPTO is designed using a modified Superpave (Superior Performing Asphalt Pavement System) design methodology that places restrictions on the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement and natural sands.

HPTO mixes are typically used in maintenance and pavement preservation applications but can also be used as a leveling course when extended staging times are expected for temporary pavements during construction. HPTO, a durable mixture, is designed for high resistance to rutting and cracking and is often placed at a thickness of 1 inch either on a milled or unmilled surface. HPTO has been used as a maintenance application on high-volume interstate projects and on heavy-duty parking lots. The product is typically performance-tested at design and during construction.

Boot on finished pavement.
HPTO surface upon completion.

NJDOT primarily uses HPTO as a preservation application on pavements in good to fair condition in need of minimal repairs (i.e., repairs account for less than 10 percent of the preservation project). However, HPTO can be combined with other preservation strategies such as microsurfacing, slurry seals, or micro-milling when project conditions warrant its use.

The FHWA case study report on NJDOT’s experience with HPTO offers several references that further detail various asphalt research studies, and analyses undertaken over more than a decade that advanced HPTO as product through testing, evaluation and institutionalization stages at NJDOT.

Lessons and Benefits

NJDOT has was able to increase the number of “good condition” lane miles from 12 percent to 40 percent statewide through prevention maintenance strategies including use of HiMA overlays.

NJDOT adopted a proactive approach to advancing pavement preservation in its asset management toolbox, particularly through HiMA, that has delivered several noteworthy benefits. NJDOT was able to increase the percentage of its network pavements in “good condition” while reducing pavements in “poor condition” through dedicated program funding for preventive maintenance. FHWA noted that NJDOT was able to increase the number of “good condition” lane miles from 12 percent to 40 percent over a decade in part through the contribution of HiMA overlay treatments.

Through research, NJDOT found that the timing of HPTO application is crucial for getting the maximum pavement life extension. HPTO, when applied to an existing pavement in “good condition” can more than double the service life compared to its application to “fair condition” pavement.

Utilizing HPTO, NJDOT has been able to extend pavement life along busy roadways by approximately 10 years and improve ride quality — depending on the pre-existing surface conditions, quality of pre-HPTO repairs, and thickness of the HPTO overlay. HPTO can also reduce noise and improve long-term skid resistance on projects. During construction, HPTO’s application causes relatively minimal traffic disruption as it requires only short duration road closures.

HPTO also offers flexible solutions to NJDOT’s design concerns by adding service life to a pavement without a significant change in profile grade. It can minimize changes to the vertical clearance at overpasses and match the elevation of infrastructures such as guardrails, curbs, and gutters.

Ongoing Efforts to Support Implementation

For the FHWA, EDC-6 outreach activities served as an opportunity to educate transportation agencies and stakeholders about various asphalt and concrete overlay products that demonstrably provide long-life performance under a wide range of traffic, environmental, and existing pavement conditions. The EDC-6 TOPS team sought to build greater awareness and encourage deployment of some 7 distinct asphalt products and 4 distinct concrete products during the EDC-6 Round.

Several application features and benefits of HPTO were described in the video, “Pavement Preservation Treatments at NJDOT.

In its final report for EDC-6, FHWA notes that forty-one States participated in the TOPS EDC-6 initiative, including 26 that were focused on asphalt overlays, 15 that sought to learn more about concrete, and 13 that participated in both. Further, FHWA recognized that EDC-6 was also a catalyst for advancing deployment; 22 States advanced to a new phase in the implementation process from “not implementing” to the development, demonstration, assessment, or institutionalized phases of deployment. In all, 19 States reported that they had institutionalized TOPS products by incorporating at least one overlay type as a standard fix option within the agency’s pavement management program.

While the formal EDC-6 innovation cycle ended in December 2022, FHWA continues to support TOPS implementation through training and technical assistance resources such as the lessons learned from NJDOT’s use of HPTO as well as noteworthy initiatives in several other states. Many resources are available on the TOPS webpage including webinars, articles, case studies, how-to reports, brochures, and one-pagers.


Resources

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. “Innovative Solutions for America’s Roads: Targeted Overlay Pavement Solutions (TOPS)”. (October/November 2024). Innovator [Article]. Retrieved from: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/innovator/issue103/page_03.html

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (u.d.). EDC-6: Targeted Overlay Pavement Solutions (TOPS). [Website]. Retrieved from: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/tops/?utm_source=innovator

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. (April 2023). EDC-6 Final Report: Innovation for a Nation on the Move. Retrieved from: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/everydaycounts/reports/edc6_finalreport.pdf?utm_source=innovator.

Gilliland, Amanda, Mohanraj, Kiran, and Taghavi Ghalesari Abbasali, Ph.D. (March 2022). High-Performance Thin Overlays. [Case Study Report].  FHWA-HIF-22-053. Retrieved from: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/tops/pubs/TOPS_HPTO_Case_Study_Report_508.pdf.

Gilliland, Amanda, Mohanraj, Kiran, and Taghavi Ghalesari Abbasali, Ph.D. (April 2022). High-Performance Thin Overlays: How-To Document. [Case Study Report].  FHWA-HIF-22-057. Retrieved from: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/tops/pubs/TOPS_HPTO_How_To_Report_508.pdf

NJDOT’s Pavement Support Program – Goals, Deliverables and the Future. (July 2021).  NJDOT Technology Transfer. [Webinar]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGhxphN1rOA&t=4057s.

NJDOT Pavement Preservation at NJDOT. (July 2020). NJDOT Technology Transfer. [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1wlnB8AQ-g.

FHWA Issued Its EDC-7 Progress Report #1

The Every Day Counts Round 7 Progress Report #1 is now available here.  

Every Day Counts (EDC) is the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s) program to advance a culture of innovation in the transportation community in partnership with public and private stakeholders. Through this State-based effort, FHWA coordinates rapid deployment of proven strategies and technologies to shorten the project delivery process, enhance roadway safety, reduce traffic congestion, and integrate automation.

The Progress Report describes the seven technologies and practices FHWA is promoting in EDC-7 and summarizes the deployment status of each innovation as of April 2024 and each innovation’s goal for adoption by 2025.

More information on the EDC-7 Round Innovations, including the initial Baseline Report can be found here.

From left to right: a woman in a hardhat working with a crowbar, then two men helping place a bridge component, finally three men on a paving device

Strategic Workforce Development Online Recordings & Presentations

Strategic Workforce Development is one of FHWA’s seven initiatives promoted in the seventh round of the Every Day Counts (EDC) program. Key emphasis is on developing new, innovative strategies to support qualified workers for highway construction projects. By strengthening this workforce by applying lessons learned with new training tools and customizable marketing materials, state transportation agencies can help to foster the next generation of transportation workers.

FHWA’s Center for Workforce Development has hosted several webinars about the Highway Construction Workforce Partnership (HCWP), highlighting success stories and best practices.

Recordings

Recordings and select presentations are available here and future webinar announcements will be shared on the HCWP website.  Webinars have been held in 2023 and 2024 in support of states and localities seeking to advance the initiative during EDC-7 and earlier during EDC-6. Below are links to several webinars that can be found through the HCWP website.

Presentations

Alabama

Colorado

Idaho

NJ STIC 2024 1st Triannual Meeting

The NJ State Transportation Innovation Council (NJ STIC) virtually convened for its 1st Triannual Meeting of 2024 on April 17, 2024. The meeting provided an opportunity for attendees to hear from the Core Innovation Area (CIA) Teams about their progress towards Every Day Counts Round 7 (EDC-7) goals and to hear a featured presentation on plans for rolling out a new Construction & Maintenance Technician Apprenticeship Training Program at the New Jersey Department of Transportation. The agenda for the meeting was distributed in advance of the event.

Figure 1. In recognition of National Work Zone Awareness Week, NJDOT placed 41 orange safety cones with black ribbon at the site of the Employee Memorial outside of NJDOT Headquarters. Each cone represents a NJDOT employee who lost their lives in the line of duty.

Welcome Remarks. Amanda Gendek, Manager of the Bureau of Research, Innovation and Information Transfer (BRIIT) greeted those in attendance and opened the first triannual meeting. She reminded participants that she will be acting as host until the innovation coordinator position is filled. Ms. Gendek announced that April 15th-19th is National Work Zone Awareness Week and asked participants to take pause and recognize the NJDOT employees who have lost their lives on the job and encourage participants to recommit themselves to the mission of increasing safety for both workers and motorists. She then gave an overview of the day’s agenda.


FHWA Updates. Christopher Paige, Innovation Coordinator and Community Planner from the FHWA NJ Division Office, provided FHWA updates. Mr. Paige encouraged participants to consider pursuing Accelerated Innovation Demonstration (AID) Grants for FY 2024 and noted the deadline for FY 2024 applications is May 28th, 2024. He also emphasized that EDC-7 progress reports should be submitted by May 10th, 2024. Mr. Paige noted that he recently attended the EDC-7 Greenhouse Gas Initiative Summit in Colorado with an NJDOT employee, Sushant Darji, and reflected on how some takeaways and model practices of peer agencies shared during the event may prove relevant to potential implementation in New Jersey. He reminded participants that past recorded webinars and other resources in support of the EDC-7 innovations are available at the FHWA Center for Accelerating Innovation website. Additionally, he encouraged attendees to subscribe to the EDC Innovator and other newsletters for regular updates on transportation innovation activities.

Figure 2. The Mobility & Operations CIA Team highlighted its installation and planned pilot testing of GroundCast, a new generation of weather sensors which, when installed into highways, can measure road surface temperature and conditions.

Core Innovation Areas (CIA) Updates. The Core Innovation Area (CIA) Team leaders gave updates on their progress toward fulfilling the deployment goals for their respective innovative initiatives. The updates were given by CIA Team leaders from the NJDOT and FHWA, covering EDC-7 initiatives under the auspices of the five CIA Teams that have been formed: Safety; Infrastructure Preservation; Mobility and Operations; Organizational Support & Improvement; Mobility and Operations; and Planning and Environment. Each team’s presentation provided insights into their ongoing projects and highlighted some of the implementation activities, accomplishments and challenges experienced to-date in meeting the deployment goals for the innovations.

Feature Presentation: Construction & Maintenance Technician Apprenticeship Training Program. Kelly Hutchinson, NJDOT’s Assistant Commissioner for Administration, presented on the newly developed two-year apprenticeship training program, aimed at strengthening the construction and maintenance technician workforce. Ms. Hutchinson provided some background on the reasons for establishing a new apprentice program. Previously, the entry point to NJDOT’s Construction Inspector title series required candidates to possess related experience that was difficult to attain outside the transportation construction industry. In addition, this entry level position required that candidates and appointees take and pass a Civil Service exam. These requirements led to significant staffing shortages because there was an apparent lack of truly qualified job applicants responding to NJDOT’s recruitment efforts and those that did qualify did not always pass the Civil Service exam. Some of NJDOT’s entry level employees were not achieving permanent status needed for advancement, which caused retention problems. Employees that NJDOT appointed were sometimes displaced by other individuals who passed the Civil Service exam but may not have necessarily been deemed a desirable candidate from a management perspective.

Additionally, NJDOT found that construction inspection employees accepted into the position did not possess consistent skills, attributable in part to having received varying levels of on-the-job training depending on the supervisor. With varying skills and training, their roles in construction oversight responsibilities varied from region to region and supervisor to supervisor, which led to a greater need to augment staffing with outside resources for inspection work. The development of the apprenticeship training program is a proactive effort by NJDOT to address these issues and challenges for recruitment and retention and increase the labor supply pipeline.

Figure 3. Kelly Hutchinson (NJDOT) presented on the recently developed Construction & Maintenance Technician Apprenticeship Training Program. The two-year training program will help address barriers to entry for applicants without construction experience, among other benefits.

To reduce barriers to entry, the apprenticeship program will no longer require a civil service exam, or relevant construction experience. Instead, over the course of two years, apprentices will complete a 4-segment training program including a review of NJDOT’s specifications, online training modules, in-person inspection courses, and field training exercises. To ensure all information is consistent across departments and projects, apprentices will be exposed to a common curriculum and have a chance to develop their knowledge and skills and demonstrate their field inspection competency. Implementation of the training program is expected to begin in Fall of 2024, with a target group of all non-supervisory construction and management technicians.

Announcements and Reminders

NJDOT Technology Transfer Website Reminder. Attendees were reminded to refer to the NJDOT Technology Transfer website and, in particular, the NJ STIC section. The website is useful for staying up-to-date on NJ STIC activities and developments and for accessing a wide array of NJ STIC content, including an overview of the NJ STIC, the NJ STIC Charter, past meeting summaries, the status of current and past innovative initiatives, NJ STIC Grant Incentive Funding information, and articles and other materials that spotlight innovation and past NJ innovation accomplishments.

NJ Transportation Ideas Portal. Ms. Gendek encouraged attendees to participate in the NJ Transportation Ideas Portal. The portal is open to the public for submissions of future research ideas and implementation studies. The Innovation Advisory Team reviews these proposals for feasibility of future actions. She noted that the portal is always open to new research and innovation idea submissions for consideration for future collaborative efforts and investments.

STIC Incentive Funding. Ms. Gendek reminded participants of the availability of STIC Incentive Grants and that FHWA has announced funding of up to $125,000 annually. This funding is available to support the advancement of innovative initiatives underway – such as those being advanced by the CIA Teams, and other noteworthy innovations. Guidance for applicants can be accessed from the NJ STIC drop-down menu here on the NJDOT Tech Transfer Website. She noted that the staff from NJDOT BRIIT are available to answer questions and assist interested participants with grant applications.

Build a Better Mousetrap. Ms. Gendek mentioned that the New Jersey Build a Better Mousetrap (BABM) competition is currently underway and seeking submissions from state and local governments (e.g., municipalities, counties, and park commissions) who have implemented innovative solutions in transportation. Information on the key judging criteria and the entry forms for entering the competition are available at cait.rutgers.edu/mousetrap/. Attendees were also encouraged to watch the recently produced NJDOT video advertising the 2024 New Jersey BABM Competition. The BABM page on the Technology Transfer website also shares several video examples of past winning entries in recent years.

Next Meeting. Amanda Gendek reminded attendees that STIC meetings have moved to a triannual schedule. She shared the scheduled dates for planning and holding the STIC meetings in 2024. The next meeting will be hosted on August 7th, 2024, at 10 am.

Acknowledgements. The session concluded with expressions of gratitude to the guest speaker, CIA Teams, council members, and implementation teams. Their contributions were recognized as pivotal to the meeting’s success and the council’s ongoing endeavors.

A recording of the NJ STIC April 2024 meeting is available here. The day’s presentations can be found here and, in the sections, below, including the results of the interactive exercise.

Recording of the NJ STIC 2024 1st Triannual Meeting
Welcome Remarks & FHWA Updates
CIA Team Update: Safety
CIA Team Update: Infrastructure Preservation
CIA Team Update: Organizational Support & Improvement
CIA Team Update: Planning & Environment
CIA Team Update: Mobility & Safety
Featured Presentation: Construction & Maintenance Technician Apprenticeship Training Program.
Reminders and Announcements

Exploring the Future of Environmental Product Declarations at NJDOT: Q&A Interview with NJDOT’s Project Lead


Under the FHWA’s Climate Challenge, state DOTs and local agencies receive training and work with various stakeholders including those from industry and academia to implement projects that quantify the environmental impacts of pavements using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). EPDs provide an in-depth look at the use effects and environmental impacts of materials, processes, and mixtures. With a general goal to reduce carbon emissions, DOTs are moving towards the use of EPDs for selecting pavement uses and processes.

We spoke with Nusrat Morshed, Project Engineer in the Pavement Design & Technology Unit at NJDOT, about two FHWA project grants funded under the Climate Challenge initiative that she supervises. Both projects focus on the potential use of EPDs and LCA in New Jersey and will allow for NJDOT to develop a strong baseline understanding of EPD use.


FHWA Funded Climate Challenge Projects

Q. Can you tell us about two FHWA-funded Climate Challenge projects listed for New Jersey. How is NJDOT currently involved in these FHWA funded projects? What are tasks for these projects?

A. NJDOT applied for this research project funding in early 2023 after the advertisement was released. I had spoken with representatives from Rowan University and Rutgers University to gauge their interest in this research, and both were on board. EPDs is a very new concept and term within the transportation field. This made it challenging to determine what the project scope should be for our grant applications. We received funding from FHWA immediately, but there were some technical issues in the allocation of state and federal funding shares that we needed to sort out before we could proceed. Both research teams officially began work in September and October of 2023 and they will have until the end of 2024 to carry out the work.

The research team for Project 1, Utilization of EPDs and LCAs to Promote Sustainability in NJ’s Pavements, is led by Dr. Yusuf Mehta from Rowan University and they are teamed with the research sub-consultant, Advanced Infrastructure Design (AID). The objective of this project is to utilize EPDs and LCAs to promote consideration of sustainability in maintaining NJDOT’s pavement infrastructure. The tasks within this project scope include: conducting a literature review, defining the goals and scope of the comparative LCA analysis, data collection, and analysis of results and interpretation.

The research team for Project 2, Improve Sustainability of Asphalt Pavement Overlay in NJ, is led by Dr. Hao Wang from Rutgers University. The research project objective is to improve the sustainability of asphalt pavement overlay in New Jersey. The project’s basic tasks include: documenting experiences and lessons of using FHWA’s LCA PAVE tool based on analysis of pavement overlay project in New Jersey DOT, evaluating quantification methods for calculating carbon emissions at the use phase of pavement, providing recommendations for use of LCA in decision making of pavement overlays, and preparing a final report and presentation.

Example EPD summary, retrieved from USDOT FHWA Tech Brief: Building Blocks of Life-Cycle Thinking

I am the key point person for both projects.

Q. What is the status of these FHWA funded projects? What resources have been helpful so far?

A. Both projects are underway now but still in the early stages. I received a status report from Project 1 about a month ago and expect a status report from Project 2 before March. For both projects, the focus has been to complete a literature review. One resource that was particularly helpful was the National Asphalt Pavement Associations (NAPA) website, as they have a lot of information on EPDs — 15 EPDs thus far have been identified — which are NJDOT specifications. We have also reached and had a meeting with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) to get information on their own EPD process.

Q. The FHWA Climate Challenge program seems like it has established an approach to promote knowledge sharing and fostering a community of practice. Can you tell us about it?
A. Every quarter, FHWA conducts a climate challenge webinar, and on this webinar there is usually a featured presentation from an expert and then brief update presentations from climate challenge project teams. These project teams extend beyond New Jersey, so other states can hear how NJDOT is doing with these projects and we can learn from our peers in other states.

Previously our updates have been limited to 2 or 3 slides, however, later this spring I will have two reports to base our presentation upon, which will be more comprehensive and reflective of NJDOT’s progress.

Attendees at a Climate Challenge Training session. source: FHWA

The quarterly webinars have been helpful and instructive. EPDs and sustainable resiliency are also very hot topics and several other resources are emerging that we can reference. For example, there was an entire session on EPDs at the Transportation Research Board’s Annual Meeting. Published literature has also been very helpful.

As a part of the project grants, FHWA is providing EPD-specific trainings. Both research teams and I have brainstormed about trainings our teams require. I have coordinated with FHWA as a Climate Challenge member and explained our training needs for accomplishing these two projects. FHWA and I drafted an agenda based on these research needs and we have scheduled a day and a half in-person training for March 2024. I requested that both of my teams submit their findings, as a status report before that training. So it also will be our official first status meeting for both project teams.

As a Project Engineer overseeing these projects, I am not able to work directly with the research, but I provide guidance to the universities and have been the communication bridge between them and FHWA. The training is hosted by FHWA and conducted by FHWA and a third-party organization that specializes in EPDs. These trainings are hosted throughout the U.S. To make this happen, FHWA provided us with their schedule, and we negotiated a time for them to do the training in March 2024.

Q. Who was in attendance for this training?

The training was done on March 12-13, 2024 at NJDOT. This training was focused on team members from both projects. There were representatives from the NJDOT Bureau of Materials, NJDOT Bureau of Statewide Strategies and NJDOT Division of Environmental Resources who participated.

Q. How has this funding assisted with NJDOT’s Every Day Counts (EDC) EPDs related goal?

Unless a NJ STIC Incentive Grant is awarded, FHWA does not provide any funding directly for advancing the EDC-7 innovation, but instead supports the deployment goals through the mobilization of FHWA resource specialists or subject matter experts who are farther along with innovation’s deployment. Luckily, the research of EPDs is a goal within EDC-7, so both of the funded Climate Challenge projects are indirectly supporting that EDC-7 goal.

Q. Have any pilot programs begun?

As we are still in the research stage for EPD use, we have not created any pilot programs yet.

Environmental Product Declarations in the Future

Q. Can you describe the status and implementation goal for NJDOT’s EDC-7 goal for advancing EPDs in New Jersey?

NJDOT’s EDC-7 goal for advancing EPDs in New Jersey is still in the preliminary stages of information gathering. Both of these climate challenge projects will assist with building up a robust set of literature that is necessary for next steps. Our goal is to get ideas for future recommendations. As of now, I would say we need to identify a few plants or suppliers and get some real-time data for different types of considerations based on research needs. Then we need to identify which way we can achieve EPD targets like lowering carbon emissions.

The stages of Pavement’s life cycle. Retrieved from USDOT FHWA Sustainable Pavements Program.

Q. What challenges, if any, has NJDOT faced while working to incorporate EPDs into pavement considerations?

EPD is based on many stages, which require their own literature review. For example, a product category rule, or a set of rules for measuring life-cycle analysis must be developed first. EPDs have different stages that all must be measured — specifically, the production stage, transportation stage and construction stage, or as they are called the A1, A2, A3. Achieving the goal of reduction in carbon emissions through EPDs requires a lot of research and literature review, and it will not be easy to get all the needed information, even when speaking with experts. Starting from scratch, the ability to quantify an EPD could take at least two years. So, it’s not that you will be getting something very quickly. We are just exploring now what is out there and how we can think about something in terms of New Jersey’s pavement mixes.

Q. How does NJDOT use or reference the published EPDs in New Jersey as reported by the National Asphalt Pavement Association’s Emerald Eco-Label tool?

We have looked at the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) website and reviewed their own PAVERS tool. It has been helpful to see how they do life-cycle analysis. They have their own LCA tool and we use the FHWA LCA tool — so there will most likely be differences. The FHWA LCA tool is expected to be updated soon.

Q. Do you foresee NJDOT having an embodied carbon clause added to NJDOT contract specifications? Will contractors be expected to submit an asphalt mix that provides EPDs to be considered for future contracts?

LCA PAVE Tool assists with analysis and quantification of the environmental impacts of existing products or processes. Retrieved from USDOT FHWA

Yes, definitely, we can dream, but it will take time. We need to identify and set the product category rule. More research is needed, maybe there will be future training opportunities on this topic from FHWA.

Q. Where is the biggest research gap when it comes to the incorporation and use of EPDs? Is it research on the pavement itself, or life cycle analysis, or something else?

EPD is not a single term, but a combination of a lot of things. In the process of determining an EPD for one pavement treatment, you must consider the process of installation, the type of pavement or asphalt mix, the binder and aggregate within the mix, etc. Because each of these processes require their own considerations, we must make the decision on what process and pavement, or asphalt mix should be evaluated first. We can then use our results to determine where the use of EPDs would be most helpful, or which process should be studied next. In other words, we cannot do everything at once, but rather start very specifically and focused, and then move out.

The five steps of developing Environmental Product Declarations (EPD). Retrieved from Tech Brief: Building Blocks of Life Cycle Thinking

 Q. Has NJDOT had an opportunity to use or test the FHWA LCA Pave Tool? If so, how does it use the tool?

I have used that tool before, but I just use it as a general gauge as I don’t have any real-time data currently. I will need training in the future on how to efficiently use the tool based on actual data. I also think this tool will be helpful in the future for determining if our results are realistic. Our research team members are using this tool.

 Q. How are you feeling about this initiative?

As a state government employee, I see this initiative as an effort that will help NJDOT be aligned with NJ’s clean energy policies. EPDs are a new topic for us, and everyone is very interested in learning more about it, including me. The funding opportunity that FHWA provided allows DOTs throughout the U.S. to explore this new topic and determine its applicability in the future of pavement and asphalt design.


Resources

FHWA Climate Challenge – Quantifying Emissions of Sustainable Pavements. FHWA webpage. Retrieved at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/climatechallenge/projects/index.cfm

LCA Pave Tool. FHWA webpage. Retrieved at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/lcatool/

Emerald Eco-Label. Webpage. Retrieved at https://asphaltepd.org/published?state=NJ

What is Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for Sustainable Project Delivery? Webpage. Retrieved at: https://www.njdottechtransfer.net/epds-for-sustainable-project-delivery/

Life Cycle Assessment: Part I Fundamentals. Webinar, FHWA Sustainable Pavements Webinar Series. Retrieved at: https://youtu.be/uaJ8wGMAPD0?si=oBHnBSN2K1589JEa

An Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment: Part II – EPDs and PCRs, FHWA Sustainable Pavements Webinar Series. Retrieved at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4OqVR6U2Us

Sustainable Pavements Program. FHWA Webpage. Retrieved at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/sustainability/

Sustainability Analysis: Environmental. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). FHWA Webpage. Retrieved at: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/sustainability/environmental/

Meijer, J., Harvey, J., Butt, A., Kim, C., Ram, P., Smith, K., & Saboori, A. (2021). LCA Pave: A Tool to Assess Environmental Impacts of Pavement Material and Design Decisions-Underlying Methodology and Assumptions (No. FHWA-HIF-22-033). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved at: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/lcatool/LCA_Pave_Tool_Methodology.pdf

Milleer, Lianna; Ciaviola, Benjamiin and Mukherjee, Amlan. (February 2024). EPD Benchmark for Asphalt Mixtures, SIP-108. Prepared for National Asphalt Pavement Association by WAP Sustainability. Retrieved at: https://www.asphaltpavement.org/uploads/documents/EPD_Program/NAPA-SIP108-EPDBenchmarkForAsphaltMixtures-Feb2024.pdf

STIC Incentive Program Funds are Available!


The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) offers STIC Incentive Funding, as well as technical assistance, to support the standardization and advancement of innovative practices. The NJ STIC receives $125,000 each year and state and local public agencies in transportation are eligible to apply.

To be eligible, a project or activity must have a statewide impact in fostering a culture for innovation or in making an innovation a standard practice, and must align with FHWA’s Technology Innovation Deployment Program goals.  The NJ STIC will consider projects and activities that advance innovations such as the Every Day Counts (EDC) innovations that are being promoted by FHWA.  

Proposed STIC project ideas are prioritized by the NJ STIC for each federal fiscal year. Selected projects are then submitted to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for approval. The request submittal does not guarantee funding nor award of funding.

The NJDOT Bureau of Research, Innovation and Information Transfer is ready to answer your questions and assist applicants. For more information on eligibility, proposal requirements, past funded projects, and more, please visit: the New Jersey STIC Incentive Fund Requests webpage.